Bike Helmet Buying Guide: Ride Safer, Smarter and With More Confidence

Shell and liner

Every helmet combines an outer shell with an energy-absorbing liner. Most use EPS foam, a material designed to crush on impact and dissipate force. Entry-level helmets typically use single-density EPS, while mid- and high-end helmets may use dual-density foam. The softer layer helps absorb lower-speed knocks; the firmer layer handles bigger hits by spreading the energy more effectively. Together, they offer a broader protective range than single-density designs.

The outer shell — usually polycarbonate — protects the foam from everyday bumps and scrapes. In quality helmets, you’ll see in-mould construction, where the shell and liner are fused together. This reduces weight, increases durability, and helps the helmet maintain its structure during an impact.

MIPS and other rotational impact systems

Many real-world crashes involve angled impacts, which create rotational forces — a major cause of concussions and mild traumatic brain injuries. MIPS (Multi-Directional Impact Protection System) helps reduce these forces by allowing a small amount of controlled movement between the helmet and your head.

There are multiple versions of MIPS, from classic slip-planes to lightweight, highly ventilated “Air” systems. Some brands also use their own rotational-impact technologies. As you move up the range, these systems tend to become lighter, more integrated, and less noticeable while riding.

Fit, retention, and airflow

A helmet can only protect you if it fits properly. Most cycling helmets use a dial-fit system to fine-tune the shape around your head, helping eliminate pressure points and reduce movement. Higher-end designs usually offer more adjustment points and softer, moisture-wicking pads for all-day comfort.

Full-face and BMX helmets often use cheek pads and interior liners in different thicknesses to dial in the fit — a simple but effective way to tailor comfort without a rear dial. Flatter, softer straps stay comfortable for longer rides, and many modern helmets now use Fidlock magnetic buckles for quick, glove-friendly fastening.

Airflow has a huge impact on comfort, especially in summer or on long climbs. Premium helmets often use deeper internal channels and carefully placed vents to pull air efficiently across your head. For road riders and XC racers, aerodynamics also play a part, balancing drag reduction with enough ventilation to keep you cool.

MTB helmets are designed for unpredictable terrain and varied riding positions. They typically offer deeper rear coverage, plus a visor to shield your eyes from debris and sun glare. Good trail helmets find a sweet spot between protection, ventilation, and weight — ideal for long days exploring the hills.

Modern MTB helmets come in a few sub-types:

• Trail helmets: the modern all-rounder for most off-road riding.
• Deep-coverage enduro lids: extend further down the back and sides for added reassurance on steep or technical trails.
• 3/4-shell helmets: like the Fox Dropframe, offering near full-face coverage around the ears and lower head without a chin bar.

Gravel riders often choose MTB helmets for the upright riding position and versatile protection they offer.

Full-face helmets are built for terrain where crashes are more likely and the consequences greater. With a chin bar, sturdy shell, and extensive coverage, they offer the highest protection in the cycling world.

Ventilation on modern full-faces has improved dramatically. Larger intake and exhaust ports, deeper internal channels, and lighter shell materials now make some models breathable enough for technical climbs — something older gravity helmets never managed.

Many brands also offer removable-chin-bar helmets, letting you switch between open-face and full-face protection within the same ride. They’re ideal for enduro riders or anyone wanting a flexible, do-everything option.

Road helmets balance airflow, aerodynamics, and low weight. Ventilation-focused models use wide vents and deep channels to keep you cool on climbs, while aero-optimised helmets smooth airflow to help you ride faster with less effort.

Most modern designs blend these priorities. Some are “aero-light” models that balance speed with cooling; others remain fully vented for riders who prefer maximum airflow over marginal aero gains. Gravel and XC riders also gravitate towards road helmets for their lightweight feel and unobstructed field of vision.

Urban helmets focus on everyday practicality. Many take inspiration from skate helmets, but with lighter materials and better airflow. Built-in rear lights and reflective details are common — and genuinely useful — touches for city visibility.

They’re ideal for riders who want protective, understated styling to match hybrids, city bikes, or e-bikes.

BMX helmets use tough shells and deep side coverage to shrug off repeated knocks — common in park, street, and dirt-jump riding. Ventilation is simpler, but modern designs still aim for a balance of protection and comfort.

Kids’ bike helmets share the same protective principles as adult models, but they’re shaped specifically for smaller heads and growing riders. A good kids’ helmet feels light, secure, and comfortable enough that they forget it’s there. Many models now include the same advanced features found in adult helmets — EPS liners, in-mould shells, and increasingly, rotational-impact systems like MIPS.

Fit matters just as much for younger riders. Look for easy-adjust retention systems, soft straps, and lightweight designs that won’t feel cumbersome. As kids grow quickly, a helmet with a broad adjustment range is often the most cost-effective choice.